Detente: A History of Ups and Downs in U.S-Soviet Ties, The New York Times. e. A number of events and uprisings in the 1980 are led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev had been in power for just over a year when, on April 26, 1986, the Unit 4 reactor at the Chernobyl power station in Prypyat (now in Ukraine) exploded. e. reducing taxes Draw one line under each main clause and two lines under each subordinate clause. On December 25, 1991, the Soviet flag flew over the Kremlin in Moscow for the last time. d. Why did the Soviet Union join the Allies? Honduras This was followed by a February 1986 speech to the Communist Party Congress, in which he expanded upon the need for political and economic restructuring, or perestroika, and called for a new era of transparency and openness, or glasnost. Inspired by reforms with the Soviet Union under both perestroika and glasnost, as well as the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, nationalist independence movements began to swell within the U.S.S.R. in the late 1980s. Omissions? What measures was Jackson willing to take in response to South Carolina's threat to secede in 1832? c. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! (pronoun) Anyone who has played a video game has seen how fascinating a computer program can be. Gorbachev's decision to loosen the Soviet yoke on the countries of Eastern Europe created an independent, democratic momentum that led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, and then the overthrow of Communist rule throughout Eastern Europe. The former was intended to foster dialogue, while the latter introduced quasi free market policies to government-run industries. Dtente Followed Period of Rising Cold War Tensions, nor I will support sending an Olympic team to Moscow, Detente: A History of Ups and Downs in U.S-Soviet Ties. b. web aug 16 2022 the easy answer is the west won the cold war ended in 1991 with the collapse of the soviet union the soviets political ideological system The Cold War emerged in Europe a few years after the successful US-USSR-UK coalition won World War II in Europe, and extended to 1989-91. b. BBC News, March 10 2015.Glasnost: RT Media. b. a. Then, in early December, the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine broke away from the USSR and created the Commonwealth of Independent States. Amplified by the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, the thawing out of Cold War tensions by Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev marked a decade of improved relations between the nations, an increase in trade, and the negotiation and signing of key nuclear arms treaties. Financially, it was estimated that the Soviet Union was spending $2 billion a year fighting the war. e. forced the Soviets to spend extensively to keep pace. At the end of the 1980s, protest movements across the Soviet Union sprung up, with people in the constituent republics calling for independence. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 5 Why did the Soviet Union join the Allies? personal savings, in percentage terms, was the worst in American history, The collapse of stock prices that occurred on "Black Monday" (October 19, 1987): d. funding his political opposition Its population numbered more than 290 million, and 100 distinct nationalities lived within its borders. United States and the Soviet Union between 1946 and 1990. iron curtain. how many bundles are in a presidential shingle square; people's court bailiff salary; mamma mia 3 patrick dempsey. Former dissidents and prisonersincluding Nobel laureate physicist and activist Andrei Sakharovwere elected, as candidates waged vigorous Western-style campaigns. The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union is perhaps the largest and most expensive arms race in read more, Perestroika (restructuring in Russian) refers to a series of political and economic reforms meant to kick-start the stagnant 1980s economy of the Soviet Union. remained generally popular with the public, Ronald Reagan viewed the Soviet Union as: a. Cold War Anticipation Guide What I know after the unit T F At the end of World War II, the U.S. and Soviet Union emerged as 2 world superpowers. Its other members were Baklanov; Vladimir Kryuchkov, chairman of the U.S.S.R. KGB; Premier Valentin Pavlov; Minister of Internal Affairs Boris Pugo; Vasily Starodubtsev, chairman of the Farmers Union; Aleksandr Tizyakov, president of the U.S.S.R. Association of State Enterprises; and Minister of Defense Marshal Dmitry Yazov. Last, in the Soviet Union, the failed August Coup in 1991 led to the end of the Communist party in USSR. By some measures, the Soviet economy was the worlds second largest in 1990, but shortages of consumer goods were routine and hoarding was commonplace. director of the CIA By 1991, the Soviet Union had lost most of its bloc to democratic revolutions, and the Warsaw Pact was formally dissolved. a. cuts in social programs 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The anti-feminist women led by Phyllis Schlafly: David Stockman is best known for being President Reagan's: Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). pay for the release of American hostages Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Lithuania had declared independence from the Soviet Union 10 months earlier. a. a. affected only the United States Why did the Soviet Union collapse quizlet? The War in Afghanistan (1979-1989) has been called the Soviet Unions Vietnam War, a conflict that pitted Soviet regulars against a relentless, elusive, and ultimately unbeatable Afghan guerrilla force (the mujahideen). in history from Michigan State University in 1995. He encouraged Western investment, although he later reversed his original policy, which called for these new business ventures to be majority Russian-owned and operated. a. all kinds of debt A number of events and uprisings in the 1980 are led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Dmitry Medvedev A rally organized by the Popular Front of Moldova in June 1989, demanding that Moldovan be recognized as the state language. b. Corrections? e. enrich himself and some corrupt friends A crisis in Iran involved all of the following EXCEPT: the takeover of Iran's government by hard-line Communists. Its downfall increased the United States influence as a global power and created an opportunity for corruption and crime in Russia. d. hypothetical. that the Democrats were deeply divided A number of events and uprisings in the 1980 are led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. The sudden freedom of speech Gorbachev instated pushed people . Mikhail Gorbachev was at his dacha in the Crimean resort of Foros when he was contacted by four men requesting an audience. soon died The protesters were unhappywith the increased cost of consumer goods and the Communist Party's control of the republic. U.S. Pres. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. But the suddenness of these reforms, coupled with growing instability both inside and outside the Soviet Union, would contribute to the collapse of the U.S.S.R. in 1991. The rise of Yeltsin and the foundation of post-Soviet Russia, Independence movements and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, https://www.britannica.com/event/the-collapse-of-the-Soviet-Union, History Ireland - The collapse of the Soviet Union, RT Russiapedia - Russia after the Soviet Union, Center for European Studies - The Fall of the Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 192291. They were his chief of staff, Valery Boldin; Oleg Baklanov, first deputy chairman of the U.S.S.R. defense council; Oleg Shenin, secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); and Gen. Valentin Varennikov, chief of the Soviet Armys ground forces. a. declared war on Islamic terrorists cutting off foreign aid to Panama cut off oil sales to the United States to protest Reagan's pro-Israel policies sign a free-trade agreement with the United States The coup leaders consisted of top military and . While Gorbachev had instituted these reforms to jumpstart the sluggish Soviet economy, many of them had the opposite effect. Kuwait Crimean Tatars in Krasnodar, southern Russia, demanded that they be allowed to return to their homeland. Soviet Union/Dates dissolved. In addition to budgetary matters, the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan (197989) was a key military factor in the breakup of the U.S.S.R. This is only the material side of the process. I felt that the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union would probably be the single most important factor in determining whether the world would live at peace during and after my administration, Nixon wrote in his memoirs. the psychiatric problems of Oliver North, Which of the following dramatically decreased in the 1980s? In order to distance itself from its unsavory past, and to reflect its new position as a truly democratic nation, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was reformed into the Union of Soviet Republics. Bush had to recommend tax increases, One of President Bush's major domestic successes was: ignored what had happened, The Grenada invasion resulted in: At 5:00 pm Yanayev and the other coup leaders held a press conference. cold war summary combatants start end history web dec 25 1991 the term cold war first appeared in a 1945 essay by the . The Cold War ended symbolically with the fall of the Berlin Wall. Cold War led to high military spending. On January 1, 1991, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, covering some 8,650,000 square miles (22,400,000 square km), nearly one-sixth of Earths land surface. e. d. Boris Yeltsin climbed atop a tank in front of the White House, condemned the coup and called for an immediate general strike. The New York Times, June 4, 1987).Perestroika: Reform that changed the world. Thousands of Muscovites rallied to oppose the plotters and the coup foundered. be overthrown by the Contras, became an anarchic battleground for warring factions, By the early 1980s, Lebanon: c. a big drop in Reagan's approval ratings To many voters in 1980, Ronald Reagan, in contrast to Jimmy Carter, seemed: Despite his loss to Reagan in 1984, Walter Mondale made a close race of it. Now, it could charge higher prices in the marketplaceprices many Soviets could not afford. Mikhail Gorbachev: A Man Who Changed The World, East and West Germany were on the path to reunification, Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire, Macalester College and Michigan State University. The Iran-Contra affair involved the illegal sales of arms to the Contra rebels in Iran. Antiwar demonstrations broke out in Ukraine, while opposition forces in the Baltic republics viewed the war in Afghanistan through the lens of the Russian occupation of their own countries. foreign minister receiving large welfare payments As he campaigned for president in 1980, Reagan promised to restore prosperity by: a. bailing out ailing banks and industries. b. d. In December, almost 75 years after the Russian Revolution ushered in the Communist Party era, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. The Soviets began increasingly engaging with the West, and Gorbachev forged key relationships with leaders including British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, West German leader Helmut Kohl and most famously, United States President Ronald Reagan. d. Gorbachev resigned on December 25, 1991. expelled Palestinian radicals and recognized Israel formerly wealthy The expected assault on the White House did not materialize, however, and it became clear that the coup leaders orders were not being obeyed. e. Containment A social, economic, and military barrier between the Soviet bloc countries and Western Europe after World War II. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The 1975 Helsinki Final Act followed. d. Boris Yeltsin, By the end of 1991, the Soviet Union: the threat of war in Central Europe attorney general PRE-ASSESSMENT: OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR PROGRAM, Chapter 5: Industry and Competitor Analysis, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, AP World History Period 4 (1900-Present) Key, Modern World History Final Exam Study Guide. a. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. c. E. Ended racism in the United States. froze Lebanese assets in the United States What caused the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union quizlet? Berlin, the German capital city, was located deep in the Soviet zone, but it was also divided into four read more. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. secretary of state Fed up with the broken, corrupt Soviet regime and fueled by burgeoning nationalism, protesters demanded an end to Soviet rule and a new, more equitable society. 1, which banned strikes and demonstrations and imposed press censorship. A policy first adopted by President Harry Truman to limit Communism to the places already under Communist control. It was a move that rankled many high-ranking officials who had previously headed these powerful central committees. long-range nuclear missiles negotiate with terrorists In May 1988, Gorbachev introduced a new policy that allowed for the creation of limited co-operative businesses within the Soviet Union, which led to the rise of privately owned stores, restaurants and manufacturers. The new state, called the Russian Federation, set off on the road to democracy and a market economy without any clear conception of how to complete such a transformation in the world's largest country. Nikita Khrushchev, In late 1987, the United States and the Soviets signed a treaty to eliminate: Diplomatic History Cold War Russia/Soviet Union In August 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow the progressive Mikhail Gorbachev, Secretary General of the Communist Party, in a desperate attempt to save the collapsing Soviet Union. In fact, the Soviet military budget had been trending upward since at least the early 1970s, but Western analysts were left with best guesses in regard to hard numbers. On the 8th of September, 1991, 375,827 of the original 500,000 participants arrived on the world now called Volga, in the Rodina system. contribute to Republicans promised to raise taxes 2 How did the end of the Soviet Union affect the United States? the United States had to reduce its involvement in global affairs surpluses in the federal budget A rally in support of Moldova's declaration of independence on August 27, 1991. The first U.S. president to visit the Soviet Union since 1945, Nixon and Brezhnev, took part in three breakthrough historic summits while both held office, first in May 1972, followed by Brezhnevs visit to Washington in June 1973 and a return trip to Moscow by Nixon in June/July 1974, which totaled 100-plus hours. The occupation of Afghanistan caused irreversible internal conflicts between the Soviet republics and the Soviet government. Gorbachevs chief adviser, Aleksandr Yakovlev, described the challenge facing them: The main issue today is not only economy. military spending . a. a. caught it through casual personal contact c. Decide which vocabulary word or related form best expresses the meaning of the italicized word or phrase in the sentence. c. Ethics: Fanatic Egalitarian + Materialist, Civics: Shared Burdens + Parliamentary System. Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. This event in 1989 marked the symbolic end of the Cold War and was the beginning of the collapse of communism in eastern Europe. When the new Congress met for its first session in May 1989, newspapers, television and radio stationsnewly empowered by the lifting of press restrictions under glasnostdevoted hours of time to the meetings, which featured open conflict between conservatives and liberals. Gorbachevs additional reformswhich allowed for the creation of political parties and increasingly shifted autonomy and control to local and regional bodies, rather than the central governmentweakened his own base of support as the Communist Party lost its monopoly on political power in the vast Soviet Union. USSR?s leader, Gorbachev, had a policy of openness a called Glasnost. Carter's management of the economy resulted in: a. a sharp decline in unemployment b. unacceptably high rates of inflation c. a near collapse of the stock market and banking industry d. growing public confidence that the nation was recovering from the Nixon-Ford recession e. a surplus in the federal budget upbeat b. b. definitive On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev announced his resignation of the presidency of the Soviet Union in a televised address. c. In the end, Gorbachevs reforms and his abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine hastened the demise of the Soviet empire. East Germany a robustly growing economy 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. could be cured with prompt treatment Yeltsin appealed to the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Aleksey II, to condemn the coup. c. c. A place to share content, ask questions and/or talk about the 4X grand strategy game Stellaris by Paradox Development Studio. c. balancing the federal budget. By the end of October, the first Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet Union was on its way . d. In May 1985, two months after coming to power, Mikhail Gorbachev delivered a speech in St. Petersburg (then known as Leningrad), in which he publicly criticized the inefficient economic system of the Soviet Union, making him the first Communist leader to do so. In 1984 Eduard Shevardnadze had told Gorbachev, Everything is rotten. All of these events led to the end of communism and the making of a democratic Russia. Romania The following sentence contains either one word or two words of the kind specified before the sentence. Western reports about the dangerously high levels of wind-transported radioactivity were dismissed as gossip, while apparatchiks quietly collected Geiger counters from science classrooms. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Members of Gorbachevs personal bodyguard remained loyal throughout the episode, and they were able to fashion a simple receiver so that the imperiled president could learn what was happening beyond the walls of the dacha. How did the fall of the Soviet Union Impact Eastern . anti-missile systems in outer space Gorbachevs perestroika program loosened centralized control of many businesses, allowing some farmers and manufacturers to decide for themselves which products to make, how many to produce, and what to charge for them. The agreement limited the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) either side could have in their arsenals and allowed each nation to build two missile defense sites. He appeared visibly nervous, and his hands trembled during the presentation. BBC and Voice of America broadcasts kept Gorbechev abreast of the coups progress and international reaction to it. capable of becoming more democratic while remaining Communist, forced the Soviets to spend extensively to keep pace, Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative: privatized Social Security c. Tajik protesters in October 1991 demand the speaker of parliament, Rahmon Nabiev, step down to provide equal opportunity for all candidates in the presidential election scheduled for November 24, 1991. The treaty limited the number of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) and nuclear warheads either country could possess. C. Outlawed segregation in public facilities. December 26, 1991 They were accompanied by KGB Gen. Yury Plekhanov, chief of security for party and state personnel. submarine-based missiles, A change in the cold war climate was indicated in 1988 when the Soviets began withdrawing their troops from: Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the U.S.S.R., opened his. saying how much he would change Reagan's policies During the Reagan administration, El Salvador fell to the Communists. Lithuania was the first republic to officially break away from the USSR and restore independence in the Act of 11 March 1990. b. secretary of the Treasury China and the Soviet Union Many soldiers from the Central Asian republics felt closer ethnic and religious ties to Afghans than they did to Russians, and protests were widespread. Iran Credit: Gerald R. Ford Library. The Iron Curtain had fallen, and the Soviet Union would not long outlast it. And I have notified the Olympic Committee that with Soviet invading forces in Afghanistan, neither the American people nor I will support sending an Olympic team to Moscow.. Carter's management of the economy resulted in: To many voters in 1980, Ronald Reagan, in contrast to Jimmy Carter, seemed: As he campaigned for president in 1980, Reagan promised to restore prosperity by: made a television speech for Goldwater in 1964. the United States lost its ability to obtain credit Meanwhile, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Lieut. When his initial attempts at reform failed to yield significant results, he instituted the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). e. e. What countries did the Soviet Union break up into? d. b. Within a year, the Soviet Union had ceased to exist. There was also an address to the Soviet people claiming that mortal danger hangs over our great fatherland.. A sharp attack on the union treaty by Anatoly Lukyanov, chairman of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet, was distributed by TASS early on August 19. Two years later, the fledgling country of Tajikistan was embroiled in a bloody civil war that claimed tens of thousands of lives before its end in 1997. e. c. e. the Iranians for luring the United States into the arms deal While some Communist Party members reserved many of the seats for themselves, other hardliners went down to defeat at the ballot box to liberal reformers. Is earthworms Deuterostome or Protostome? After first having cooperated with Germany in invading Poland whilst remaining neutral in the Allied-Axis conflict, the Soviet Union perforce joined the Allies in June 1941 after being invaded by Germany. Conclusion: The economic strain of matching Reagan's military buildup had been too much for the Soviet system, and had led to its collapse and the end of the Cold War. When Mikhail Gorbachev was named general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) on March 11, 1985, his primary domestic goals were to jump-start the moribund Soviet economy and to streamline the cumbersome government bureaucracy. b. c. verifiable b. Each of these is granted a place within the Congress of Soviets and the Council of Ministers, the two houses of the Legislative Branch. There are still a few. The position of General Secretary of the Communist Party retained the prestige it held within the Union on Earth, but its power was drastically limited. By the fall of 1991, the most popular Soviet politician was: Ronald Reagan made AIDS research a top priority of his administration. Why did Soviet Union disintegrate Class 12? a. consolidate Reagan's policies and achievements It was as if the whole country started watching televisionthe windows were open, and you could hear the debates coming out of apartment windows. In 1990, Gorbachev became the firstand onlyPresident of the Soviet Union. was inspired by a science-fiction movie Carters support of Afghan and Pakistani troops and Americas boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics, followed by the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan who referred to dtente as a one-way street that the Soviet Union has used to pursue its aims and, in 1983 called the nation an evil empire, ended the dtente era as the Cold War escalated once again. in percentage terms, was the worst in American history, A high percentage of the homeless people of the 1980s were: The gathering was the first nationwide protest to be reported by the Soviet press, on March 6, 1988. December 2021. He characterized the incident at Chernobyl as a misfortune and pilloried Western media coverage as a highly immoral campaign of malicious lies. Over time, Communist Party propaganda was increasingly at odds with the daily experiences of those in the contamination zone who were dealing with the physical effects of radiation poisoning. e. budget deficits, During the 1980s, unions: Soviet Pres. the cold war test review flashcards quizlet . establish a dynasty of Bushes in the White House, As a result of the massive national debt: described Reagan as a lunatic and a liar e. the U.S. capture of Baghdad After the war ended, the Allied states became the basis of the modern United Nations. The resulting campaign for the new Congress of Peoples Deputies was remarkable. budget director, Early in Reagan's presidency, all of the following were increasing EXCEPT: e. Long Term Causes. President of the Russian Republic in 1991. In late 1987, the United States and the Soviets signed a treaty to eliminate: By the end of his presidency, Reagan had: Bush's goal as president seemed to be to: consolidate Reagan's policies and achievements. More than a million Afghansmostly civilianswere killed, and at least 4 million were externally displaced by the fighting. a. The official response to the disaster would be a test of Gorbachevs doctrine of openness, and, in that regard, glasnost would be found fatally wanting. Hungary, The fall of the Berlin Wall was soon followed by: a. In an effort to preserve the Union and to secure a second chance, 500,000 people were recruited from around the world, to participate in a highly risky experiment . They were taken aback when Gorbachev refused and rebuked them as treasonous blackmailers. 11 Timothy Colton,The Dilemma of Reform in the Soviet Union(New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1986). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. But as with economic reforms, many of these newly-elected reformers used their platforms to criticize what they still considered limited change. d. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: hunzaguides.com, +923008504627, +925813457050, +923335044414, +923015044414, +923438926352 Hunza Guides Pakistan - Tours, Trekking & Expeditions still had the world's largest nuclear arsenal b. These events, and those of the months preceding them, were the . the commitment of UN forces just as in Korea, One major factor working in Reagan's favor in his 1984 reelection bid was: suffered steady declines in membership Wage hikes were supported by printing money, fueling an inflationary spiral. b. massive American casualties Its architect, President Mikhail Gorbachev, oversaw the most fundamental changes to his nations economic engine and political structure since the Russian Revolution of 1917. Although still Communist, the most tyrannical measures and powers held by the government were reformed away almost immediately - the others would follow in the decades to come. Reagan first became a star in Republican politics when he: population growth in the South and the West. Gorbachevs decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union. b. remained firmly under Communist control despite communism's collapse in Eastern Europe The coup collapsed, and the plotters were arrested while trying to flee. In the European republics, the cleavage with Moscow was even more dramatic. lie to the American people, The marine lieutenant colonel at the center of the Iran-Contra affair, Oliver North, was using profits from the sale of arms to Iran to: George H.W. While this invasion continues, we and the other nations of the world cannot conduct business as usual with the Soviet Union, Carter said during his January 23, 1980, State of the Union address, announcing stiff economic penalties on the Soviet Union, a ban on permits for Soviet ships to fish in U.S. coastal waters, the cutting off of access to high-tech and agricultural products and other trade limitations. On August 18, 1991, the hardline conspirators . On December 25, 1991, the Soviet flag flew over the Kremlin in Moscow for the last time. d. Germany's reunification boycott of banana shipments to the United States, ordering a military invasion to arrest him, Bush ultimately dealt with Noriega by: e. the formal dissolution of NATO minister of health forced the Soviets to spend extensively to keep pace d. finally began to gain strength in the South c. b. After 10 controversial years and nearly 15,000 Soviet deaths, troops fully . 9 Francis Fukuyama,The End of History and the Last Man(New York: Free Press, 1992). c. e. The anti-feminist women led by Phyllis Schlafly: helped keep the equal-rights amendment from being ratified. b. On December 25, 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev announced his resignation as President of the Soviet Union. 1991 Soviet coup attempt, effort by Communist hard-liners to restore the Communist Party's control of the Soviet Union by holding President Mikhail Gorbachev captive from August 19 to August 21, 1991. c. Eight more republics joined their declaration shortly thereafter. c. Although relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had been strained in the years before World War II, the U.S.-Soviet alliance of 1941-1945 was marked by a great degree of cooperation and was essential to securing the defeat of Nazi Germany.

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