6. Finally, Option 4 gives us maximum compression. However, there is a problem: the total of the years given in Judges is both too large and too small when considered against the whole of scripture. Only four of the 12 judges are listed in what we call the hall of faith in Hebrews 11Gideon, Barak, Samson, and Jephthah. He then breaks this down as a sole reign of 12 years for Samuel followed by a 20-year reign for Saul[5], with Samuel overlapping the first 18 years of Sauls reign (and so a total of 30 years for Samuels judgeship). The New Chronology is perhaps best known from the film Patterns of Evidence: Exodus where its alignment between archaeology and history was highlighted. SHAMGAR in Hebrew means: cupbearer, fleer Tribe of Benjamite ? First, a 40-year period of oppression under the Philistines begins (Judges 13:1). The fearful are first sent home, leaving but 10,000. Found in a temple constructed in the reign of Amenhotep III is a list of the enemies of Pharoah which mentions the Shasu of YHWH. Judges 21:25 sums up the state of the nation of Israel at the time of the deliverers (judges) sent by God, "In those days there was no king in Israel. Subtracting 480 years from this date gives us a date of 1446 BC for the Exodus. The current accepted date for the reign of Solomon is 970-930 BC following Thiele[1]. My sense is that this is too long and it is also inconsistent with our approach for the rest of the period, Place Abimilech, Tola, and Jair end to end and overlap Jair with the oppression. Cushan-Rishathaim, King of Mesopotamia 8 Years 40 years Josh 15:13-17; Judg 1:9-21; 3:1-11; 1Chron 4:13: 2. Also of note, and key to constructing a proper chronology, is that in the Late Period the time allotted to each judge changes from being a spacer between oppressions and likely overlaps those oppressions. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.. Visit Stack Exchange Samuel anointed Saul to be the first king, and from that point forward, kings ruled Israel in place of judges. For instance, in Judges 3:31 of the New International Version Bible, it was indicated that Shamgar was the son of Anath. According to the Bible, Tola (Hebrew: , Modern: Tla, Tiberian: Tl) was one of the Judges of Israel. Probably no later than the judgeship of Othniel. . 45 years from initial spying, Ant 5.117: Joshua for 25 years after Moses. The event in which they delivered Israel is not necessarily the beginning of their service as a judge, though it well could be that event which elevates them in status as was clearly the case with Gideon. Both were so wicked, they were Judges in Beersheba, and Samuel was so old that Israel who wanted to be like the other nations asked for and got a king. Judges 10:1-2. to drive out all idolatrous pagans inhabiting it. The story line is generally, the judge dies, the people revert to idolatry, and then a new oppression begins meaning that the reign length for the judge is somewhat less than the time to the next oppression. they could see, hear and touch, like their neighbors': *** Bonus Trivia: The Spirit of the Lord is said to have come upon 4 of these judges: Othniel (Judg 3:10), Gideon (Judg 6:34), Jephthah (Judg 11:29), and Samson (Judg 13:25)(Judg 14:6,19)(Judg 15:14). When Shamgar was full of God's Anointing. The Amarna letters are a collection of correspondence between Egypt and foreign powers, primarily from the reign of Pharaoh Akenaten. Eight years: It was many years of bondage before Israel cried out unto the LORD. I believe the 40-year reign for Saul to be a Jewish tradition from Pauls time. See Jeremiah 47:4. In the late period, and on through the reign of David, the primary villain is the Philistines[7] who need no introduction. (Josh. Thus, we have the unique problem of needing to add years to a total that is already too high. [6] From the form of the name, it is suspected that Shamgar may actually have been a Hittite, a similar name occurring with Sangara, a Hittite king of Carchemish; more recent scholars hold that the name is of Hurrian origin and may well be imig-ari. There were 15 Judges or leaders during the period of the Judges, which lasted more than three centuries. This coincides with the period of Midianite oppression. how many years did shamgar judge israel. In fact, the book of Ruth could be considered a third part of this Appendix, but we wont address that here. The Early Period begins with the first oppression and first judge (Othniel) and continues through to the brief reign of Gideons son Abimilech, covering Judges 3:7 through the end of Chapter 8. She was also famous for conducting her meetings with great modesty in the open under a palm tree. gayle telfer stevens husband Order Supplement. As it turns out, it gives us almost exactly the 22 years that we are looking for. Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel He ruled for an unknown number of years. Facebook Instagram. Before we begin, I should note that the lack of archaeological links and the level of interpretation necessary means that there is more than one possible chronology for this period, and indeed mine is far from the first attempt. After seven months the Philistines sent the Ark back on wagons led by rider-less oxen. [8], The Bible also indicates that he was the "son" of Anath (the name of a Canaanite deity). Recall that this was the maximum compression option that we initially put to the side. ), Jephthah (1087-1081 B.C. Eli A true scholar in his own right, he headed an institution of higher learning which trained the next generation of scholars. The prophecy about Samson said that he would begin to deliver Israel from the Philistines, so when did that deliverance ultimately occur? The Israelites arrive in Canaan in the reign of Thutmose IV and are established by the reign of Amenhotep III. Also, Hazor was destroyed approximately 1200 BC, or close to the time where we will place Deborah and Barak. Josephus has already addressed the overlap between Samuel and Saul, and no further overlaps are possible in the context of the events of I Samuel. (Deborah came alongside Barak and 10,000 men of Israel.) Why Should We Know about the Overlooked Judge Shamgar. About Us; Contact Us; Submit an Article; The Siruv List; Advertise on The Jewish Press; Subscribe: Daily Email List; Classifieds; e-Edition; Print . Then, some of these people, places, and events are given paragraphs of attention and others? 30 sons on 30 donkeys. For those not wishing to pursue either of the above options, the remaining option is to compress the periods between oppressions. ABIJAH (Abiah) in Hebrew means: JAH is Father 2nd son. I wasnt going to leave a comment until I read your bio, you seem like a nice guy who wants to know Gods word and not teach things about His word that arent true. In the generally accepted, orthodox chronology, the area of Canaan is ruled by Egypt throughout the Judges period, specifically the 18th through 21st dynasties of the Egyptian New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the actual roles of this person in the scriptures. There is a period where Egyptian control loosens in the late 18th dynasty, particularly from Akenaten until early in the 19th dynasty. (40 years)(Judg 4:4-5:31) At the same time, he had other characteristics that are hard to reconcile. 11), which took place about 180 years before the battle recorded in Judges 4. B-1025, Dev Atelier, Opp. At this point, we have a choice. And all the house of Israel lamented after the LORD. The book of Judges is a sad book in many respects. This took place in the first year of Deborahs reign. In Joshua 3, the "man of the hour" was a farmer named, Shamgar. [10] All of the major city states in Canaan in this time period were Egyptian vassals, not just the Philistines. The power of the Hyksos kings remains in the Egyptian delta, extending up the coast to the southern Levant, but not into the hill country of Israel. His career is summarised in Judges 10:1-2. ways; they turned aside after dishonest gain, took bribes, and perverted Have you ever felt overlooked? In the New Chronology of David Rohl, Canaan is outside the Egyptian sphere of influence until roughly the time of Gideon when it is conquered by Thutmose I, and Akenaten aligns with Saul and David. Tola, the son of Puah, was a judge of Israel whose reign spanned a total of twenty-three (23) years. 3Then Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel . They moved the Ark to a different city and a horrible plague broke out there. On the surface, it seems straightforward enough, recording the acts of each judge and the time between events from the time of Joshua until just before the events of I Samuel. Following the death of Joshua, Egypt remains absent allowing invasions from Mesopotamia and Moab. Samuel prayed to the LORD. The only way to make this fit is for Samsons death to coincide (or nearly so) with the end of that 40-year period of oppression. First, the time from the recovery of the Ark in I Samuel 7:2 to the installation of the ark in Jerusalem in II Samuel 6 was almost exactly 40 years (32 or Samuel and Saul plus 7 for David), with much of this time equated with Saul. the people in all that they say to you; for they have not rejected you, but You are probably expecting me to start with Joshua and work forward in time. Later he married Delilah, also a Philistine woman, whose treachery caused him to fall into the hands of the Philistines. Samson In solving a problem like the chronology of the Judges period, it is best to start with what we can be certain about: the firm dates and time periods that we can rely on. MUSCLE SHOALS On Sunday, February 19, 2023, Deborah Ann Barry Montgomery of Muscle Shoals, AL, loving wife and mother of three children and seven grandchildren, passed away peacefully at her home surrounded by her loved ones, at the age . Employing a new secret weapon torches inside glass: the first Molotov Cocktails he took a small army of 300 men and destroyed a Midian army of thousands. We also know He is good, for He is God. The fact that the years given to Tola (23) and Jair (22) are almost the same is also interesting and may indicate parallel judgeships. (NKJV). Then, Samsons birth is foretold with the prophecy that, he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines (Judges 13:5). 7. your ways. Archaeological digs have been conducted at many biblical sites in ancient Canaan. 4 Her oversight covered approximately 20 years of national hardship before the Canaanite war and then a peaceful aftermath of 40 years. (6 years)(Judg 11:1-12:7) Elon judged Israel ten years (Judges 12:11). Gideon I see two possible sources for this number. Why did Israel ask for a king after those 450 years? [ NB: The 450 years of Acts 13:20 is often discussed . Israel's peace with the Moabites then lasted for 80 years. central government) there was little religious authority in many ways as well. HE will do the rest! Shamgar was the son of Anath and from the tribe of Benjamite. What is not immediately clear is where to place Samson relative to Samuel and Eli. In general, Josephus is in very close agreement with the Biblical sources, and he provides numbers to fill in the gaps that we have identified. Consequently, Ussher has Jephthah following immediately after Jair and the continuation of his chronology is shown in grey. The other judges are viewed in greater detail in the Book of Judges: Othniel 3:7-11 a nephew of Caleb, delivered Israel from the Mesopotamians. While the specifics of the period of the judges are fuzzy, scripture does provide clear and easily datable boundaries for this period. [1] Thiele, Edwin R.; The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings; Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervan, 1983. JEPHTHAH the Gileadite in Hebrew means: opposer 6 years 1087BC-1081BC, Judges 10:6-12:7. Juni 2022. In the Judges narrative and into the time of Saul and David, the Philistines are the primary oppressor of Israel. He was also the same man who successfully struck down and defeated 600 Philistines using an ox goad as a weapon. 13. Their triumphs, losses, errors, and choices cause us to learn more about who we are at the core, and more about God and His infinite mercy and grace. 20:8) Then, by the water-drinking test, all but an alert and watchful 300 are eliminated. But 300 is a round number, and as such may not be precise. Ruled or Judged Israel for 40 years - 1191BC-1151BC - Judges 6:1-8:35. In fact, he begins in 1092 BC, at the 315 year mark. The period of the judges is 1350 - 1014 BC for a total of 336 years. None of the cities would take it. 1400 1350 B.C.). That gives us more to compress, but at last we have a full set of numbers to work with. Shamgar killed 600 Philistines with an oxgoad, which is basically an ancient cattle prod. Lets keep this one in mind in case we need it later. This also makes sense as the Egyptian dominance in this period was continuous and so it would be unlikely for the Israelites to be left alone for long. Recall that we have Jephthah at the 300-year mark or perhaps a bit later. Hannover Turismo Judges 3.31 The inspired storyteller obviously viewed this mass killing to be a glorious, noble, and wonderful thing. In those ancient times, the word Mesopotamia described the fertile, well-watered area that would be today Eastern Syria and Northern Iraq. [9] Nolen Jones, Dr. Floyd, The Chronology of the Old Testament, Green Forest, Arkansas, Master Books, 2017, pp71-94. This seems to fit our requirements. Jabin sent to the king of Shimron, the king of Achshaph, the kings in the . A:Judges ruled Israel for a period of time that most scholars say was about 325 to 350 years (beginning in app. how many years did shamgar judge israel. At this point we are beyond the scope of the book of Judges, but we need to assign a reign length to Saul and, before that, to Samuel for the period between the death of Eli and the coronation of Saul. Lisa Loraine Baker is the multiple award-winning author of Someplace to be Somebody. While Egypt was the primary foreign power for much of this period, no direct interaction with Egypt is recorded. This is supported by the Biblical Time Line Chart. He became the first warrior-Judge of Israel and delivered Israel from the oppression of the Edomites. Why did God give Israel "judges" (Acts 13:20) for the ), but the Bible does not say; it may have been a cultural influence on his parents. Also, he has given 32 years total for Samuel and Saul and then gives 12 years for Samuel, so Saul must have a reign of 20 years to maintain consistency with the rest of the book. (20 years)(Judg 13:1-16:31) Other accounts on Shamgar pointed out that the terms son of Anath, which was often linked with his name, was only a royal title. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. ALL Shopping Rod. The villagers ceased in Israel; they ceased until I, Deborah, arose as a mother in Israel. Indeed, as far as what we see in the Word, Shamgar acted alone in his turn as the deliverer of Israel. ), Ibzan (1081-1075 B.C. Also, Judges 4:4 indicates that Deborah was already judging Israel before she enlists the help of Barak in defeating Sisera, overlapping into the period of oppression, and continued for an undetermined time afterward. Ruth is the great grandmother of King David. In fact, Jephthahs victory over Ammon coincides with Thutmose IIIs final campaign. (Judges 5:6 ESV) Life as Israel had known it, a life of peace and prosperity under the rule of and faithfulness to the LORD, had ceased. However, in this period Egypt is again weak as we are now into the Third Intermediate Period, a time where the national government has collapsed, and multiple Pharaohs are ruling in different parts of the country. and this cycle of idolatry - bondage - deliverance repeated itself for 450 [5] Some manuscripts of Josephus have a 40-year reign for Saul in Ant 6.378. After Siseras death, the Jewish army drove Yavin out of his fortified city, ending the threat completely. Of particular relevance here are those conducted at Hazor which confirm that it was ruled by an, In 2019 a pottery sherd was recovered from the Khirbet al-RaI dig site in central Israel that included the name Yrbl (Jerubbaal), the alternative name for Gideon. Samuel was a judge and prophet of God who led Israel for over forty years. We take a BRIEF look at Israel's third judge. Another occasion where Shamgar was mentioned was in the Song of Deborah. ), Ehud (1316-1237 B.C. In addition, his name, Shamgar, is Hurrian (people who flourished across theNear East from the fourth to the first millennium BC. It opens on a very high note. Judges 21:25 sums up the state of the nation of Israel at the time of the deliverers (judges) sent by God, In those days there was no king in Israel. Gideon was a simple farmer when God called him to save the Jewish people. As we will see below, this three way parallelism is the key to solving the late period. There were also claims among scholars that the person was originally Shammah, yet he was only influenced by the man named Shamgar in the accounts presented in the Song of Deborah. 14. Consequently, the Judges account supports an early date for the Exodus. 3. The first flaw relative to the orthodox chronology is that Jericho was, based on the latest scarabs found in the destruction, destroyed some 300 years before the time of Thutmose IV, during the early Hyksos period. Then God asked Samuel later to anoint David as king. The other two options can be represented graphically as shown below in Figures 5 and 6. 8 Adar 5783 - About. In the middle section of the timeline, archaeological evidence indicates the arrival in Canaan of a genetically distinct group from southern Europe around 1200 BC and this is consistent with the first mention of the Philistines at the time of Shamgar. Indeed, the land originally given to Dan was along the coast west of Judah and included at least one Philistine city, Ekron. If the Berlin Pedestal can be dated as early as the reign of Thutmose III, it makes sense for him to claim victory over Israel in this context. How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? Given that Judges 4:1 ignores Shamgar and links us with Ehud's death, its clear Shamgar's inclusion has no impact on furthering the timeline (although it provides us a nice link back to Judges 2:17).

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