Summary Josef is still outside the Havana Harbor, 21 days from home. The family is eventually pulled from the water by the Greek Coast Guard. The family face incredible hardship and tragedy throughout their long journey through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to Germany. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. This is an engaging tale. Alan Gratz is the bestselling author of a number of novels for young readers. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Review: Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. Mahmoud Bisharas story is the most recent: he and his family live in Aleppo, Syria, in 2015 and escape to Germany. As a narrative device, this has the effect of accentuating the perils of unusual transcontinental journeys, which the reader is habituated to consider in terms of air travel. Discount, Discount Code Isabel Fernandez is an eleven-year-old girl who lives just outside Havana in 1994. date the date you are citing the material. You can view our. Finally, the Bisharas reach Germany, where they are offered a place to stay by a kind older Jewish woman. How does the. Josef, his sister Ruth, and his mother all travel to Hamburg to board a ship that will take them to Cuba. After its passengers were denied asylum in Cuba, the ship tragically returned to Europe, hoping to find sanctuary for its passengers between four European countries: Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and England. publication online or last modification online. On their way to Switzerland, the Landaus unfortunately run into German soldiers. Young readers will finish this book and ask: What should we do? Interestingly, the stories are also tied together through the symbolism of water and boats. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. Josef's life is turned upside down on the night when Nazi Brownshirts take his father away to a concentration camp. REFUGEE braids three different stories of young refugees. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. After drifting off to the Bahamas, the Fernandez and Castillo families finally steer back on course to reach Florida, but not before Isabels mother delivers her baby brother in the boat. What are the different settings of the novel and how does it affect and shape the characters? He also draws a clear line between this view of the children, and their justification of the violence that they deem acceptable against Jewish people. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. This is a fascinating tale. A heartrending and important tale for our time. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Even Mahmouds precarious raft is a promise of tomorrow. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world, Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. Just when Miami becomes visible on the horizon, a U.S. Coast Guard boat tries to intercept the two families. While walking on the boat afterwards, a newly minted man, he overhears the stewards discussing how the ships engines are maxed out - in order to beat the other ships to Cuba. What can you learn about the people and the time period from these allusions? Lito jumps in the water to distract the Coast Guard, and Isabels mother gives birth to a boy, just as they reach the shore. The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. All storyboards are public and can be viewed and copied by anyone. Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Berlin. The ship leaves for Europe, and Captain Schroeder promises to divide the passengers between England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. What I really like about this book is the changing perspectives. However, soon enough, Germany invades Poland, thus beginning World War II. However, unspeakable tragedy occurs when Ivn dies in a sudden shark attack. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. Not only does Isabel rescue her father from arrest, she also sells her beloved trumpet to enable the family to buy gasoline to power the boat her neighbors, the Castillos, have been secretly building. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Refine any search. Refine any search. Just as when Isabel gave some of her paltry food to the cat, Gratz shows here how even the most destitute people can still give somethingthus, those with more than that should be able to provide any aid they can, too. The last date is today's In the end, these three stories are connected. | Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Josef Landau Josef is a 13-year-old Jewish boy living in Germany in the 1930s. Refugee is a young adult literature novel by Alan Gratz published by Scholastic Corporation in 2017. Josef's family is finally reunited months later in 1939, and they attempt to escape Nazi Germany aboard the M.S. Like everyone else during the Holocaust, he was scarred, both emotionally and physically. Isabel Fernandezis escaping Castro's Cuba in 1994. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Alan Gratzs novel Refugee (2017) illuminates the worldwide refugee crisis through the stories of three children fleeing possible death with their families in different times and places. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. It carried 937 Jewish refugees who were seeking freedom from Nazi persecution in Germany. Josef: Havana Harbor 1939, 19 days (2). After the police see Isabels father participate in a riot, there is no option but for the Fernandez family to leave Cuba by boat. In exchange for Rachels diamonds, the soldiers offer her an impossible bargain: she can save just one of her children from being arrested. Refugeeis both. Ruth promises to help Mahmoud find Hana. publication in traditional print. One example is when Josefs family falls apart and he has to be the leader by talking to other people and acting as the main adult of his family. (including. The Nazis invade France just a few months after Josefs family arrives there. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: You're awesome. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. Once a beautiful, thriving city, Aleppo is now a bombed shell of its former self. Isabels beloved grandfather Litoshort for Abuelitois on board as well, though he is unsure about leaving Cuba. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. Source (s) Refugee Refugee is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. The night that they were captured in France, Josef volunteered to be taken by the Nazis; both Josef and their mother were killed in concentration camps. This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. All storyboards are private and secure to the portal using enterprise-class file security hosted by Microsoft Azure. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Josef, his father, mother, and little sister Ruthie are all asleep when their home is invaded during Kristallnacht, the night when Nazi police and "Brownshirts" were directed to destroy Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues, and terrorize Jewish citizens all across Germany. Word Count: 1050. In large numbers, Cubans are protesting the regime of Fidel Castro, whose flawed policies they believe have led to the economic catastrophe. Josef did, and he sacrificed himself for Ruth. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Margaret Neville, The King's English Bookstore, 2018 Sydney Taylor Book Award Winner for Older Readers, 2018 National Jewish Book Award Winner for Young Adults, New York Times Notable Middle Grade Childrens Book 2017, 2017 Cybils Middle Grade Fiction Award Winner, 2018 Indies Choice/E.B. Eventually, the captain announces that they are not going to be allowed to dock in Havana and that the boat will be leaving. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Josef, his family, and the passengers are now faced with the possibility of being returned to Germany and to their certain death. Refugee: Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean - 1939, 10 days Summary & Analysis Next Isabel: Straits of Florida - 1994, 1 day (2) Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis Josef and some of the other children on the St. Louis take a tour of the ship 's bridge and engine room. The audio version provides an ideal (even mandatory) opportunity for libraries to share these resonating tales with readers reluctant to pick up the page. Even though Aaron still lives, his suicide attempt shows not only his own inner despair but the trauma that this event causes for Josef. Josef again shows his passage into adulthood, as he notices and worries about his mothers mental condition. Teachers may opt to lower the security if they want to allow sharing. Teachers and parents! date the date you are citing the material. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Themes T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. Powerful and compelling. Aarons purported crime is that he is still practicing law when the Nazis have expressly forbidden the Jewish community from that profession. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. The rest, like Josef and his mother, were largely sent to concentration camps after Germany invaded other European countries. Water becomes the agent of change in each of these cases, emphasizing the centrality of adapting to survival. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, members of the Brownshirts, the police force of Nazi Germany, invade Josefs house and take away his father, Aaron Landau. Fidel Castro has taken over the country of Cuba and the citizens are sick of his dictatorship. Refugee by Alan Gratz is a historical fiction novel written in 2017 that weaves together three compelling stories of families seeking sanctuary in other countries. Josef's story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. Mahmoud; Waleed; their parents, Youssef and Fatima; and their baby sister, Hana, leave for Germany. Fatima holds little Hana over her head, while Mahmoud keeps Fatima afloat. While they travel, they ask if anyone has seen Hana. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. Six months later, Aaron tells his family in a letter that he has been released from the concentration camp Dachau by the Nazis on the condition that the family leave Germany immediately. According to history, most of the St. Louiss passengers had to return to Europe, denied asylum by Cuba and Europe. It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. This is an engaging tale. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Josefs father gets sent to a concentration camp. Thus, the sea comes to represent death, chaos, and uncertainty at one level. Each child experiences traumatic losses and personal victories as they struggle to escape the political instability of their homelands. His family decides to leave and trek to Germany. Mahmouds story starts with their apartment building collapsing, due to people rioting because of the civil war going on in Syria. Ed. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. In Cuba in 1994, eleven-year-old Isabel Fernandez lives a life of poverty and uncertainty in the middle of civil strife. (including. Storyboarding is an incredibly powerful tool for educators because it helps students process and understand the information in a deep, meaningful way. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% The novel follows the stories of three refugee children in three different geographic locations and points in time. Complete your free account to request a guide. Isabels boat, too, tips over, the sea claiming her familys food and water. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Comment on the use of imagery in "Games at Twilight.". This is a powerful and inspirational book written by Alan Gratz, a great author. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. The two families face many challenges as they try to cross the Caribbean Sea to Florida. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. It is shabbos and time for Josefs Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. After a violent conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, Mahmoud and his family walk to the Turkish border. He is gaunt and thin; looking "like an escapee from a mental asylum" (36). If there are two dates, the date of publication and appearance In 1938 Berlin, a 12-year-old Jewish boy named Josef is awakened by the sound of Hitler's Brownshirts breaking into his family's apartment. Making their way past ISIS operatives, they get to Turkey by road, where a boat is to take them to Greece tomorrow. Again, like it was for the Landaus at the Cuban coast, that tomorrow is deferred, day after day and week after week, and the family is forced to take shelter in an abandoned Turkish mall. The novels subtler point is that this extraordinariness itself is terrible. It is shabbos and time for Josef's Bar Mitzvah, the Jewish religious ceremony when a Jewish boy turns 13 years old. But Captain Schroeder recognizes the necessity of keeping those hopes alive, and so continues to conceal that there may be trouble when they reach Cuba. St. Louis, a ship taking Jewish refugees to Havana, Cuba. Mahmouds city, the once-beautiful Aleppo, is particularly vulnerable, since it houses a large number of rebels opposed to al-Assad. Already a member? What details do you notice that show that this story is not taking place in the United States? Active Themes Related Quotes with Explanations Each version of Storyboard That has a different privacy and security model that is tailored for the expected usage. Josefs father is taken to Havana to recover. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. Wed love to have you back! $24.99 Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. Refugee looks readers straight in the eye, challenging them to truly see these kids who are battling the worst moments of our recent history. The second is the date of Dont have an account? Isabels family and friends have always wanted to leave the country, but Castro will throw you in jail if you try to escape. This compelling novel will help young people make sense of todays refugee crisis. Summary Plot Overview Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. With riots and unrest plaguing her country, she and her family set out on a raft, hoping to find safety and freedom in America, Mahmoud is a Syrian boy in 2015. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind. eNotes.com, Inc. eNotes.com Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. When students storyboard, they are actively engaged in the learning process and can make connections between the text and their own lives. Chapter 1 Summary: "Josef: Berlin, Germany1938". In what ways were they taken advantage of or harmed by the cruelty and apathy of others? It only gets worse for them, but in the end, he learns a powerful life lesson: Its better to be visible than invisible, because even though the bad people can harm you, the good people can help you. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." However, the trouble begins when the ship docks in Havana harbor and the Cuban government does not allow the passengers to disembark. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. for a customized plan. Teachers can view all of their students storyboards, but students can only view their own. Struggling with distance learning? And although Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud are separated by continents and decades, surprisingconnections will tie their stories together in the end. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. Log in here. All three young people will go on harrowing journeys in search of refuge. Josef's story is set in Nazi Germany in 1939. All are escaping persecution and seeking safety and freedom. The elderly woman Mahmoud meets is Ruth, Josefs younger sister. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Gratzs stirring novel humanizes the plight of refugees worldwide. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Refine any search. His father, Aaron, is taken away by the Nazis on Kristallnacht and is sent to the Dachau concentration camp. This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - Refugee is a novel by Alan Gratz that examines three interrelated stories of the refugee experience. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. Mahmoud and his traumatized younger brother, Waleed, have learned to survive the frequent bombings and the bullying by majority Sunnis by learning to be invisible. However, the family is forced to act when their neighborhood is bombed. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. Log in here. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. They run into several problems, like being in bloody water with many sharks around on a sinking boat and there are high stakes at the end. The second date is today's Through the perils and forced courage of his protagonists, Gratz highlights the biggest tragedy of all refugee crises in history: the loss of childhood. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. Refugee: Josef: Havana Harbor - 1939, 19 days (2) Summary & Analysis Next. Meant to be read, discussed, and shared widely. Storyboards also promote higher-level thinking by encouraging students to synthesize information and think critically about what they have read. A haunting fictional treatment of historic events. In the end, these three stories are connected. A passing, overcrowded boat cannot accommodate all of them, but at Mahmouds insistence, a woman onboard agrees to take Hana. For Aaron, it represents a metaphorical death, as he disappears into the water and subsequently out of Josefs life. When the St. Louis reaches Havana Harbor in Cuba, the ship is not allowed to dock. Mahmouds journey is punctuated by icy rain even when he is still on dry land, as in Turkey, where his family scrambles for a dry place to stay. Josef warns his father that he must . All will face unimaginable dangersfrom drownings to bombings to betrayals. Eventually, the rest of the family is rescued by the Greek Coast Guard and taken to Lesbos, where the coast is littered with the bodies of Syrian refugees who drowned in transit. This is how Mahmoud puts it: No one cares about us if we stay out of your way, but if we come near you were seen as a burden. Refugee Characters. Refugee is both thrilling and heartrending. As Landau's hysteria increases, Josef slaps his father's face. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. The novel begins with the story line of twelve-year-old Josef, a Jewish boy in Germany. Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Further, children are made heroes in Refugee precisely because children should not, ideally, have to be heroes. Out of these passengers, it was mostly those who found asylum in England who survived World War II. Trauma and. The two families face much peril in the Florida straits: giant tankers, a hurricane that blows them off course, running out of fuel and water, deadly sharks, and Mami's going into labor all while trying to avoid the U.S. Coast guard so that they can make it to shore where they can claim asylum. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. They have come to arrest Josef's father: "Other Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues were destroyed all over Germany, and tens of . The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. Im a big fan of that, and it was executed brilliantly here. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmouds strands begin to converge. Ed. His mother gives the sailor their tickets and they board the boat. Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Summary This section starts with Josef's perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, "8 days from home" (74). The interplay between water and vessel, then, marks the unpredictable nature of a refugees journey. When the family is eventually caught, Josefs mother is forced to choose which of her children will be freed and which will be sent to a concentration camp. On Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, seven Nazi Brownshirts (storm troopers) raid his home. With riots and unrest plaguing her country, she and her family set out on a raft, hoping to find safety and freedom in America The way the content is organized, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Thus, Gratz presents the stark reality of the perils of such a passage. After . In addition, any storyboard can be made sharable, where a private link to the storyboard can be shared externally. Aarons real crime, of course, is that he is a Jew, the minority group that Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wants to eradicate. Struggling with distance learning? Free trial is available to new customers only. He promises the passengers that he will try to deliver them to a country other than Germany. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Finally, storyboards are a great way to assess student understanding because they provide a visual representation of student learning. Is Ravis experience Josef Landau is a Jewish boy in Germany in 1938. The places where they live are in a horrifying state of turmoil. The rest of the passengers grow angry. Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. date the date you are citing the material. Instant PDF downloads. After the Soviet Union collapsed, so too did its aid to Cuba, forcing thousands of families like Isabels into utter poverty. The Landau's went through many hardships during the . Though Refugee is a novel, all three of its main storylines are based on actual historical events. After the war ended, Ruth returned to Germany to look for Josef and Rachel, but learned that the two were killed in concentration camps. The trip is initially joyous and hopeful. A biblical reference to Noahs ark as the sanctuary bridging creatures over troubled waters is implicit in the novels boat imagery. Some novels are engaging and some novels are important. The Nazis invade France in 1940, forcing the Landaus to go on the run once again.

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